<text id=94CT0193><title>Bosnia and Herzegovina—Government</title>
<article><source>CIA Factbook</source>
<hdr>The World Factbook 1994: Bosnia and Herzegovina<nl>Government</hdr><body>
<list>
<item><hi format=bold>Note:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• Bosnia and Herzegovina is suffering from interethnic civil strife which began in March 1992 after the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina held a referendum on independence. Bosnia's Serbs—supported by neighboring Serbia—responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to a "greater Serbia." Since the onset of the conflict, which has driven approximately half of the pre-war population of 4.4 million from their homes, both the Bosnian Serbs and the Bosnian Croats have asserted control of more than three-quarters of the territory formerly under the control of the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The UN and the EU are continuing to try to mediate a plan for peace. In March 1994 Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats signed an agreement in Washington, DC, creating a Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is to include territories in which Muslims or Croats predominated, according to the 1991 census. Bosnian Serbs refused to become a part of this Federation.
<item>• The US recognizes the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a new government being formed by the Muslims and Croats. On 31 May 1994 a Croat president, Kresimir ZUBAK, and a Muslim vice president, Ejup GANIC, were elected. Haris SILAJDZIC, who is prime minister of the Republic, is also the prime minister of the Federation.
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Names:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>conventional long form:</hi> Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
<item>• <hi format=ital>conventional short form:</hi> Bosnia and Herzegovina
<item>• <hi format=ital>local long form:</hi> Republika Bosna i Hercegovina
<item>• <hi format=ital>local short form:</hi> Bosna i Hercegovina
<item><hi format=bold>Administrative divisions:</hi> 109 districts (opstinas, singular—opstina) Banovici, Banja Luka, Bihac, Bijeljina, Bileca, Bosanska Dubica, Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanska Krupa, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Novi, Bosanski Petrovac, Bosanski Samac, Bosansko Grahovo, Bratunac, Brcko, Breza, Bugojno, Busovaca, Cazin, Cajnice, Capljina, Celinac, Citluk, Derventa, Doboj, Donji Vakuf, Foca, Fojnica, Gacko, Glamoc, Gorazde, Gornji Vakuf, Gracanica, Gradacac, Grude, Han Pijesak, Jablanica, Jajce, Kakanj, Kalesija, Kalinovik, Kiseljak, Kladanj, Kljuc, Konjic, Kotor Varos, Kresevo, Kupres, Laktasi, Listica, Livno, Lopare, Lukavac, Ljubinje, Ljubuski, Maglaj, Modrica, Mostar, Mrkonjic-Grad, Neum, Nevesinje, Odzak, Olovo, Orasje, Posusje, Prijedor, Prnjavor, Prozor, (Pucarevo) Novi Travnik, Rogatica, Rudo, Sanski Most, Sarajevo-Centar, Sarajevo-Hadzici, Sarajevo-Ilidza, Sarajevo-Ilijas, Sarajevo-Novi Grad, Sarajevo-Novo, Sarajevo-Pale, Sarajevo-Stari Grad, Sarajevo-Trnovo, Sarajevo-Vogosca, Skender Vakuf, Sokolac, Srbac, Srebrenica, Srebrenik, Stolac, Sekovici, Sipovo, Teslic, Tesanj, Drvar, Duvno, Travnik, Trebinje, Tuzla, Ugljevik, Vares, Velika Kladusa, Visoko, Visegrad, Vitez, Vlasenica, Zavidovici, Zenica, Zvornik, Zepce, Zivinice
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>note:</hi> currently under negotiation with the assistance of international mediators
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Independence:</hi> NA April 1992 (from Yugoslavia)
<item><hi format=bold>National holiday:</hi> NA
<item><hi format=bold>Constitution:</hi> promulgated in 1974 (under the Communists), amended 1989, 1990, and 1991; the Assembly planned to draft a new constitution in 1991, before conditions deteriorated; constitution of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (including Muslim and Croatian controlled parts of Republic) ratified April 1994
<item><hi format=bold>Legal system:</hi> based on civil law system
<item><hi format=bold>Suffrage:</hi> 16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal
<item><hi format=bold>Executive branch:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>chief of state:</hi> President Alija IZETBEGOVIC (since 20 December 1990), other members of the collective presidency: Ejup GANIC (since NA November 1990), Nijaz DURAKOVIC (since NA October 1993), Stjepan KLJUJIC (since NA October 1993), Ivo KOMSIC (since NA October 1993), Mirko PEJANOVIC (since NA June 1992), Tatjana LJUJIC-MIJATOVIC (since NA December 1992)
<item>• <hi format=ital>head of government:</hi> Prime Minister Haris SILAJDZIC (since NA October 1993); Deputy Prime Minister Edib BUKVIC (since NA October 1993)
<item>• <hi format=ital>cabinet:</hi> executive body of ministers; members of, and responsible to, the National Assembly
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Legislative branch:</hi> bicameral National Assembly
<item><hi format=bold>Chamber of Municipalities (Vijece Opeina):</hi> elections last held November-December 1990 (next to be held NA); percent of vote by party NA; seats—(110 total) SDA 43, SDS BiH 38, HDZ BiH 23, Party of Democratic Changes 4, DSS 1, SPO 1
<item><hi format=bold>Chamber of Citizens (Vijece Gradanstvo):</hi> elections last held November-December 1990 (next to be held NA); percent of vote by party NA; seats—(130 total) SDA 43, SDS BiH 34, HDZ BiH 21, Party of Democratic Changes 15, SRSJ BiH 12, MBO 2, DSS 1, DSZ 1, LS 1
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>note:</hi> legislative elections for Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina are slated for late 1994
<item><hi format=bold>Political parties and leaders:</hi> Party of Democratic Action (SDA), Alija IZETBEGOVIC; Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina (HDZ BiH), KresimirZUBAK; Serbian Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina (SDS BiH), Radovan KARADZIC, president; Muslim-Bosnian Organization (MBO), Adil ZULFIKARPASIC, president; Democratic Party of Socialists (DSS), Nijaz DURAKOVIC, president; Party of Democratic Changes, leader NA; Serbian Movement for Renewal (SPO), Milan TRIVUNCIC; Alliance of Reform Forces of Yugoslavia for Bosnia and Herzegovina (SRSJ BiH), Dr. Nenad KECMANOVIC, president; Democratic League of Greens (DSZ), Drazen PETROVIC; Liberal Party (LS), Rasim KADIC, president
<item><hi format=bold>Other political or pressure groups:</hi> NA
<item><hi format=bold>Member of:</hi> CEI, CSCE, ECE, ICAO, ILO, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM (guest), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO
<item><hi format=bold>Diplomatic representation in US:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>chief of mission:</hi> (vacant); Minister-Counselor, Charge d'Affaires ad interim Seven ALKALAJ
<item>• <hi format=ital>chancery:</hi> Suite 760, 1707 L Street NW, Washington, DC 10036
<item>• <hi format=ital>telephone:</hi> (202) 833-3612, 3613, and 3615
<item>• <hi format=ital>FAX:</hi> (202) 833-2061
<item>• <hi format=ital>consulate(s) general:</hi> New York
<item>• <hi format=ital>chief of mission:</hi> Ambassador Victor JACKOVICH
<item>• <hi format=ital>embassy:</hi> address NA
<item>• <hi format=ital>mailing address:</hi> NA
<item>• <hi format=ital>telephone:</hi> NA
<item>• <hi format=ital>FAX:</hi> NA
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Flag:</hi> white with a large blue shield; the shield contains white Roman crosses with a white diagonal band running from the upper hoist corner to the lower fly side
